Tribal Gaming and the IGRA Intersection

Introduction

The Indian Gaming Regulatory Act (IGRA) of 1988 marked a significant turning point in the history of tribal gaming in the United States, providing a regulatory framework for gaming activities on Indian lands. This federal law aimed to ensure the integrity of the games and protect the interests of both the tribes and the public.

Background

Prior to the IGRA, tribal gaming was largely unregulated, with some tribes operating bingo halls and other small gaming operations. However, the IGRA's passage led to a surge in tribal gaming, with many tribes opening casinos and other gaming facilities. Today, tribal gaming is a multi-billion dollar industry, with over 240 tribes operating gaming facilities in 28 states.

Key Provisions of the IGRA

The IGRA established the National Indian Gaming Commission (NIGC) to oversee tribal gaming operations and ensure compliance with federal regulations. The law also created three classes of gaming:

• Class I: Traditional tribal gaming, such as bingo and other small-stakes games
• Class II: Bingo and other games of chance, including poker and other card games
• Class III: Casino-style gaming, including slot machines and table games

Impact of the IGRA on Tribal Gaming

The IGRA has had a profound impact on tribal gaming, enabling tribes to generate significant revenue and create jobs. However, the law has also been criticized for its regulatory framework, which some argue is too restrictive. Additionally, the IGRA has been the subject of numerous court challenges, with some tribes arguing that the law infringes on their sovereignty.

Conclusion

The intersection of tribal gaming and the IGRA is complex and multifaceted. While the law has provided a framework for tribes to operate gaming facilities, it has also raised important questions about tribal sovereignty and the role of federal regulation. As the tribal gaming industry continues to evolve, it is essential to consider the historical context and the ongoing impact of the IGRA on tribal communities.